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  1. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
  2. News

News

Supporting Literacy Teachers with Actionable Content-Based Feedback

February 6, 2024 by jhall152

By Dr. Mary Lynne Derrington & Dr. Alyson Lavigne 

Please Note: This is Part 3 of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for the next posts that will focus on Leadership Content Knowledge (LCK) and teacher feedback in the areas of STEM, Literacy, and Early Childhood Education.

Missed the beginning of the series? Click here to read Part 1
on making teacher feedback count!

A strong literacy foundation in students’ early years is critical for success in their later ones. School leadership plays a significant part in establishing this foundation by equipping teachers with the right professional development.

Many (but not all) school leaders are versed in effective literacy instruction. Given its foundational importance, it is wise for principals — and others who observe and mentor teachers — to leverage the key elements of effective literacy instruction in the observation cycle. In this blog post, we outline two ways to do so.

Jan Dole, Parker Fawson, and Ray Reutzel suggest that one way to use research-based supervision and feedback practices in literacy instruction is to include in the observation cycle tools, guides, and checklists that specifically focus on literacy instruction, such as:

  • The Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations (PLATO; Grossman, 2013)
  • The Institute of Education Sciences’ (IES) K-3 School Leader’s Literacy Walkthrough Guide (Kosanovich et al., 2015)
  • The Institute of Education Sciences’ (IES): Grades 4-12 School Leaders Literacy Walkthrough Guide (Lee et al., 2020)

These tools highlight key concepts or what can be called “look-fors” of literacy rich environments by using a rubric or checklist. Some examples follow:

  • Strategy Use and Instruction: The teacher’s ability to teach strategies and skills that supports students in reading, writing, speaking, listening, and engaging with literature (PLATO)
  • Literacy Texts: Retell familiar stories, including key details (IES K-3; Kosanovich et al., 2015)
  • Vocabulary and Advanced Word Study: Explicit instruction is provided in using context clues to help students become independent vocabulary learners using literary and content area text (IES 4-12; Lee et al., 2020)

A second way is to develop professional learning communities (PLCs) to extend literacy supervision and feedback. Successful literacy-focused PLCs:

  • Establish a shared literacy mission, vision, values, and goals,
  • engage in regular collective inquiry on evidence-based literacy practices, and
  • promote continuous literacy instruction improvement among staff.

These strategies can be used by school leaders or complement the work of a school literacy coach. Ready to create a learning community in your school or district? Read KickUp’s tips for setting PLCs up for success.

This blog entry is part of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for our next post that will focus on concrete ways to provide feedback to Early Childhood Education teachers.

If this blog has sparked your interest and you want to learn more, check out our book, Actionable Feedback to PK-12 Teachers. And for other suggestions on supervising teachers in literacy, see Chapter 9 by Janice A. Dole, Parker C. Fawson, and D. Ray Reutzel.

Filed Under: News

Dueñas Highlighted as a 2024 Emerging Scholar by Diverse Issues in Higher Education

January 31, 2024 by jhall152

Courtesy of the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences

Mary Dueñas is passionate about student success, especially among underrepresented and marginalized student populations. Because of her passion for students to thrive in a higher education environment, she dedicates a large portion of her scholarship research to examine equity and access issues in higher education.

Mary Dueñas

Mary Dueñas

Her work hasn’t gone unnoticed. Just recently, Diverse Issues in Higher Education named Dueñas “An Equity and Access Champion” in their January 18th, 2024, issue and has named her a Top 15 Emergent Scholar. The publication highlights emerging scholars making an impact on education on college campuses nationwide.

“Receiving this national recognition is wonderful, and I’m honored to share this platform with other outstanding scholars from different disciplines,” said Dueñas.

Dueñas is an assistant professor in the department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies (ELPS) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (CEHHS). In addition, she serves as program coordinator for the master’s student personnel program in College Student Personnel (CSP).

Using both quantative and qualitative research methods, Dueñas focuses on Latina/o/x/e  college students’ sense of belonging and their experience with imposter syndrome. She uses holistic frameworks and critical theory to share stories and explain systemic inequities that marginalized communities face in higher education.

“My research examines the ways in which larger social processes affect students and their overall well-being while also addressing underrepresented and marginalized students in relation to retention and success,” said Dueñas.

Cristobal Salinas, Jr., an associate professor of educational leadership and research methodology at Florida Atlantic University, nominated her for this prestigious national recognition. In his nomination letter, Salinas commended Dueñas for her commitment to scholarship that pushes the boundaries of higher education through novel perspectives and an innovative approach to research.

“This commitment to pioneering scholarship has been complemented by her unwavering dedication to teaching and mentoring the next generation of scholars, which is an integral part of her academic mission, explains Salinas.

Despite having a full plate at CEHHS, Dueñas has authored several peer-reviewed journal articles, been a guest on a podcast, and has several works she is authoring or co-authoring under review. One is “Síndrome del impostor: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Latinx College Students’ Experiences with Imposter Syndrome.” She is co-authoring “Culturally Responsive Mentoring: A Psychosociocultural Perspective on Sustaining Students of Color Career Aspirations in STEM”.

Dueñas takes a glass-half-full approach to her work, focusing on the whole student. In other words, she says it’s about the positives that make a student’s experience successful and asking questions about what works.

“There is a changing landscape in how we think about higher education,” Dueñas says. “It’s not so much about the students adapting to higher education, it’s more about how higher education institutions supporting and serving students.”

 

Filed Under: News

Supporting STEM Teachers with Actionable Content-Based Feedback

January 25, 2024 by jhall152

By Dr. Mary Lynne Derrington & Dr. Alyson Lavigne 

Please Note: This is Part 2 of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for the next posts that will focus on Leadership Content Knowledge (LCK) and teacher feedback in the areas of STEM, Literacy, and Early Childhood Education.

Missed the beginning of the series? Click here to read Part 1
on making teacher feedback count!

For school leaders, providing teachers with feedback in unfamiliar subject areas can be a challenge. At the same time, we know that teachers highly value feedback on their teaching content area as well as general pedagogical practices. When school leaders deepen their understanding of different subjects, it can prove a powerful lever to giving teachers the feedback they deserve and desire. Today, we’ll discuss ways to support teachers in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) area.

Imagine you are scheduled to observe a STEM lesson, an area where you might not feel confident. What might be some ways to prepare for this observation? Sarah Quebec Fuentes, Jo Beth Jimerson, and Mark Bloom recommend post-holing. In the context of building, this refers to digging holes deep enough to anchor fenceposts. As it pertains to your work, post-holing means engaging in an in-depth, but targeted exploration of the content area.

Another strategy is joining a STEM instructional coach or specialist for an observation and debrief. A third way to learn is to attend a STEM-focused professional development for teachers. These activities can help you think more deeply about the content and how it is taught.

In addition, you can identify subject-specific best practices to integrate into a pre-observation or post-observation conversation. This might look like adapting a subset of evaluation questions to specifically reflect STEM objectives. For example:

  1. Poses scenarios or identifies a problem that students can investigate (Bybee, et al., 2006).
  2. Fosters “an academically safe classroom [that] honors the individual as a mathematician and welcomes him or her into the social ecosystem of math” (Krall, 2018).
  3. Avoids imprecise language and overgeneralized tips or tricks (e.g., carry, borrow, FOIL) and instead use precise mathematical language grounded in conceptual mathematical understanding (e.g., trade, regroup, distributive property) (Karp et al., 2014, 2015).
  4. Uses models to communicate complex scientific concepts, emphasizing that models are only approximations of the actual phenomena and are limited simplifications used to explain them (Krajcik & Merritt, 2013).

Let’s imagine a meaningful mathematical talk emerges as an important practice from your post-holing in mathematics. In a pre-observation you might ask the teacher about their plans for creating meaningful mathematical talk in the lesson. During the observation, you can note if those questions appeared and/or when moments of meaningful mathematical talk were taking place. In a post-observation, you might ask teachers to reflect upon the moments they felt meaningful mathematical talk was occurring, and what inputs yielded those outcomes.

This blog entry is part of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for our next two posts that will focus on Leadership Content Knowledge (LCK) on concrete ways to provide feedback to teachers in the areas of, and Early Childhood Education.

If this blog has sparked your interest and you want to learn more, check out our book, Actionable Feedback to PK-12 Teachers. And for other suggestions on supervising teachers in STEM discipline areas with specific pre-observation and post-observation prompts and key practices for observation, see Chapter 8 by Sarah Quebec Fuentes, Jo Beth Jimerson, and Mark A. Bloom.

Filed Under: News

Education, Leadership, and Policy Studies Researcher Recognized by Education Week

January 4, 2024 by jhall152

Courtesy of the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (January 4, 2024)

Rachel White’s Superintendent Research is a Top-10 Education Study for 2023

2023 has been quite the year for Rachel White, an assistant professor in the department of Educational Policy and Leadership Studies She’s been nationally recognized for her early-career work in the field of educational leadership with the Jack A. Culbertson Award from the University Council For Educational Administration. She’s also been selected to serve on a United States Department of Education Regional Advisory Committee to provide advice and recommendations concerning the educational needs in the Appalachian region and how those needs can be most effectively addressed. However, her research into superintendent attrition and gender gaps has put her in the national spotlight.

Rachel White sits on a wooden credenza in front of a dark blue wall. She has fair skin, long blonde hair, and is wearing a black blouse, black pants, and black high-heeled shoes.

Rachel White

Recently, Education Week named White’s study on attrition and gender gaps among K-12 district superintendents as a Top-10 Educational Study of 2023. First published in the journal Educational Researcher, one way that White’s research demonstrates the magnitude of the gender gap is through superintendent first names. She finds that one out of every five superintendents in the United States is named Michael, David, James, Jeff, John, Robert, Steven, Chris, Brian, Scott, Mark, Kevin, Jason, Matthew, or Daniel. In fact, Education Week and Ed Surge brought the story to national attention with the articles “There’s a Good Chance Your Superintendent Has One of These 15 Names” and “What Are the Odd’s Your Superintendent is Named Michael, John, or David?”

In order to diversify the superintendency, women superintendents must be hired to replace outgoing men. However, drawing on the most recent data update of her National Longitudinal Superintendent Database, White recently published a data brief showing that over the last five years, 50% of the time a man turned over, he was replaced by another man, and a woman replaced a woman 10% of the time. A man replaced a woman 18% of the time, and a woman replaced a man 22% of the time.

When thinking about the importance of this research, White shared “Nearly ten years ago, the New York Times reported a similar trend among large companies: more S&P 1500 firms were being run by men named John than women, in total. The emulation of this trend in the K12 education sector, in 2024, is alarming. Public schools are often touted as “laboratories of democracy”: places where young people learn civic engagement and leadership skills to participate in a democratic society. Yet, what young people see in K12 public schools is that leadership positions—the highest positions of power in local K-12 education institutions—are primarily reserved for men.”

One thing is for certain, we have a way to go when it comes to balanced gender representation in school district leadership. White’s research has shown that, while over 75 percent of teachers and 56 percent of principals are women, the pace at which the superintendent gender gap is closing feels glacial: the current 5-year national average for gender gap closure rate is 1.4 percentage points per year. At this rate, the estimated year of national gender equality in the superintendency is 2039.

“Superintendents are among the most visible public figures in a community, interfacing with students, educators, families, business, and local government officials on a daily basis,” White shared. “A lack of diversity in these leadership positions can convey that a district is unwelcoming of diverse leaders that bring valuable insights and perspectives to education policy and leadership work.”

White continued, “Not only do we need to recruit and hire diverse leaders to the superintendency, but school boards and communities need to be committed to respecting, valuing, and supporting diverse district superintendents. New analyses of the updated NLSD show that women’s’ attrition rates spiked from 16.8% to 18.2% over the past year, while men’s remained stable around 17% for the past three years. We need to really reflect and empirically examine why this pattern has emerged, and what school boards, communities, and organizations and universities preparing and supporting women leaders can do to change this trajectory.”

 White has doubled down on her commitment to establishing rigorous and robust research on superintendents with the launch of The Superintendent Lab—a hub for data and research on school district superintendency. In fact, The Superintendent Lab is home to The National Longitudinal Superintendent Database, with data on over 12,500 superintendents across the United States, updated annually. With the 2023-24 database update completed, the NLSD now houses over 65,000 superintendent-year data points. The database allows the lab team to learn more about issues related to superintendent labor markets over time, and even produce interactive data visualizations for the public to better understand trends in superintendent gender gaps and attrition.

Along with a team of 10 research assistants and lab affiliates, White hopes to foster a collaborative dialog among policy leaders which may lead to identifying ways to create a more inclusive and equitable K-12 school systems.

“A comprehensive understanding of the superintendency in every place and space in the United States has really never been prioritized or pursued. My hope is that, through The Superintendent Lab, and the development of rigorous and robust datasets and research, I can elevate data-driven dialogue to advance policies and practices that contribute more equitable and inclusive spaces in education. And, along the way, I am passionate about the Lab being a space for students from all levels to engage in meaningful research experiences – potentially igniting a spark in others to use their voice and pursue opportunities that will contribute to great equity and inclusion in K12 education leadership,” said White.

Filed Under: News

Kelchen Once Again Named Top Scholar Influencer

January 4, 2024 by jhall152

Courtesy of the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (January 4, 2024)

We’ve all heard the term, “influencer.” Many of us associate an influencer as someone with a large following on social media, such as Instagram or YouTube, who set trends or promotes products. But did you know that there are a select group of scholar influencers who help shape educational practice and policy?

Robert Kelchen stands in front of the

Robert Kelchen

One of those scholar influencers is Robert Kelchen, who serves as department head of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies (ELPS) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (CEEHHS).  Kelchen is ranked 41 out of 20,000 scholars nationwide in Education Week’s Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings for 2024. In fact, Kelchen is the only scholar from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, to make the list.

“As a faculty member at a land-grant university, it is my job to help share knowledge well beyond the classroom or traditional academic journals,” said Kelchen. I am thrilled to have the opportunity to work with policymakers, journalists, and college leaders on a regular basis to help improve higher education.”

For 14 years, Education Week selects the top-200 scholars (out of an eligible pool of 20,000) from across the United States as having the most influence on issues and policy in education. The list is compiled by opinion columnist Rick Hess, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and director of Education Policy Studies.

The selection process  includes a 38-member Selection Committee made up of university scholars representing public and private institutions from across the United States. The Selection Committee calculates scores including, Google Scholar Scores, Book Points, Amazon Rankings, Congressional Record mentions, media, and web appearances and then ranks the scholar accordingly.  Kelchen is considered a “go-to” source for reporters covering issues in higher education, with over 200 media interviews, year after year. If there is a story about higher education in the media, you’ll more than likely find a quote from Kelchen as an expert source.

“In the last year, I have had the pleasure of supporting several states on their higher education funding models, presenting to groups of legislators, and being a resource to reporters diving into complex higher education finance topics. These engagements help strengthen my own research and give me the opportunity to teach cutting-edge classes to ELPS students,” said Kelchen.

In addition, Kelchen received national recognition by the Association for the Study of Higher Education (ASHE) for his research on higher education finance, accountability policies and practices, and student financial aid. ASHE’s Council on Public Policy in Higher Education selected Kelchen for its Excellence in Public Policy Higher Education Award.

Through its eight departments and 12 centers, the UT Knoxville College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences enhances the quality of life for all through research, outreach, and practice. Find out more at cehhs.utk.edu

Filed Under: News

Are Evaluation PhD Programs Offering Training in Qualitative and Mixed Design Methodologies

January 1, 2024 by jhall152

By Kiley Compton

Hello! My name is Kiley Compton and I am a fourth-year doctoral student in UT’s Evaluation, Statistics, and Methodology (ESM) program. My research interests include program evaluation, research administration, and sponsored research metrics.  

One of the research projects I worked on as part of the ESM program examined curriculum requirements in educational evaluation, assessment, and research (EAR) doctoral programs.  Our team was comprised of first- and second-year ESM doctoral students with diverse backgrounds, research interests, and skill sets.  

An overwhelming amount of preliminary data forced us to reconsider the scope of the project. The broad focus of the study was not manageable, so we narrowed the scope and focused on the prevalence of mixed method and qualitative research methodology courses offered in U.S. PhD programs.  Experts in the field of evaluation encourage the use of qualitative and mixed method approaches to gain an in-depth understanding of the program, process, or policy being evaluated (Bamberger, 2015; Patton, 2014).  The American Evaluation Association developed a series of competencies to inform evaluation education and training standards, which includes competency in “quantitative, qualitative, and mixed designs” methodologies (AEA, 2018). Similarly, Skolits et al. (2009) advocate for professional training content that reflects the complexity of evaluations.  

This study was guided by the following research question: what is the prevalence of qualitative and mixed methods courses in Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research PhD programs? Sub-questions include 1) to what extent are the courses required, elective, or optional? and 2) to what extent are these courses offered at more advanced levels? For the purpose of this study, elective courses are those that fulfill a specific, focused requirement, while optional courses are those that are offered but do not fulfill elective requirements.  

Methods 

This study focused on PhD programs similar to UT’s ESM program. PhD programs from public and private institutions were selected based on the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) assignment. Programs under the 13.06 “Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research” CIP umbrella were included.  We initially identified a total of 50 programs. 

Our team collected and reviewed available program- and course-level data from program websites, handbooks, and catalogs, and assessed which elements were necessary to answer the research questions. We created a comprehensive data code book based on agreed upon definitions and met regularly throughout the data collection process to assess progress, discuss ambiguous data, and refine definitions as needed. More than 14 program-level data points were collected, including program overview, total credit hours required, and number of dissertation hours required. Additionally, available course data were collected, including course number, name, type, level, requirement level, description, and credit hours. While 50 programs were identified, only 36 of the 50 programs were included in the final analysis due to unavailable or incomplete data. After collecting detailed information for the 36 programs, course-level information was coded based on the variables of interest: course type, course level, and requirement level.  

Results 

​​​Prevalence of qualitative & mixed methods courses 

The team analyzed data from 1,134 courses representing 36 programs, both in aggregate and within individual programs. Results show that only 14% (n=162) of the courses offered or required to graduate were identified as primarily qualitative and only 1% (n=17) of these courses were identified as mixed methods research (MMR). Further, only 6% (n=70) of these courses were identified as evaluation courses (Table 1). Out of 36 programs, three programs offered no qualitative courses. Qualitative courses made up somewhere between 1% and 20% of course offerings for 28 programs. Only five of the programs reviewed exceeded 20%. Only 12 programs offered any mixed methods courses and MMR courses made up less than 10% of the course offerings in each of those programs. 

Table 1. 

Aggregate Course Data by Type and Representation


Course Type                                        n (%)                            Program Count


Quantitative Methods                         409 (36%)                        36 (100%)

Other                                                  317 (28%)                        36 (100%)

Qualitative Methods                           162 (14%)                        33 (92%)

Research Methods                             159 (14%)                       36 (100%)

Program Evaluation                            70 (6%)                           36 (100%)

Mixed Methods                                    17 (1%)                          12 (33%)


Total                                                    1,134 (100%)                         –

 

Requirement level of qualitative and mixed method courses 

Out of 162 qualitative courses, 41% (n=66) were listed as required, 43% (n=69) were listed as elective, and 16% (n=26) were listed as optional (figure 2). Out of 17 mixed methods research courses, 65% (n=11) were listed as required and 35% (n=6) were listed as elective.  

Course level of qualitative and mixed-method courses 

Out of 162 qualitative courses, 73% (n=118) were offered at an advanced level and 27% (n=73) were offered at an introductory level. Out of 17 mixed methods research courses, 71% (n=12) were offered at an advanced level and 29% (n=5) were offered at an introductory level. 

Discussion 

Findings from the study provide valuable insight into the landscape of doctoral curriculum in Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research programs. Both qualitative and mixed methods courses were underrepresented in the programs analyzed. However, the majority of course offerings were required and classified as advanced.​​​​ Given that various methodologies are needed to conduct rigorous evaluations, it is our hope that these findings will encourage doctoral training programs to include more courses on mixed and qualitative methods, and that they will encourage seasoned and novice evaluators to seek out training on these methodologies.  

This study highlights opportunities for collaborative work in the ESM program and ESM faculty’s commitment to fostering professional development.  The project began as a project for a research seminar. ESM faculty mentored us through proposal development, data collection and analysis, and dissemination. They also encouraged us to share our findings at conferences and in journals and helped us through the process of drafting and submitting abstracts and manuscripts. Faculty worked closely with our team through every step of the process, serving as both expert consultants and supportive colleagues.  

The study also highlights how messy data can get. Our team even affectionately nicknamed the project “​​messy MESA,” owing to challenges, including changes to the scope, missing data, and changes to the team as students left and joined, along with the common acronym for measurement, evaluation, statistics, and assessment (MESA). While I hope that the product of our study will contribute to the fields of evaluation, assessments, and applied research, the process has made me a better researcher.  

References 

American Evaluation Association. (2018.). AEA evaluator competencies. https://www.eval.org/About/Competencies-Standards/AEA-Evaluator-Competencies  

Bamberger, M. (2015). Innovations in the use of mixed methods in real-world evaluation. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 7(3), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068832 

Capraro, R. M., & Thompson, B. (2008). The educational researcher defined: What will future researchers be trained to do? The Journal of Educational Research, 101, 247-253. doi:10.3200/JOER.101.4.247-253 

Dillman, L. (2013). Evaluator skill acquisition: Linking educational experiences to competencies. The American Journal of Evaluation, 34(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214012464512 

Engle, M., Altschuld, J. W., & Kim, Y. C. (2006). 2002 Survey of evaluation preparation programs in universities: An update of the 1992 American Evaluation Association–sponsored study. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(3), 353-359.  

LaVelle, J. M. (2020). Educating evaluators 1976–2017: An expanded analysis of university-based evaluation education programs. American Journal of Evaluation, 41(4), 494-509. 

LaVelle, J. M., & Donaldson, S. I. (2015). The state of preparing evaluators. In J. W. Altschuld & M.Engle (Eds.), Accreditation, certification, and credentialing: Relevant concerns for U.S. evaluators. New Directions for Evaluation,145, 39–52. 

Leech, N. L., & Goodwin, L. D. (2008). Building a methodological foundation: Doctoral-Level methods courses in colleges of education. Research in the Schools, 15(1). 

Leech, N. L., & Haug, C. A. (2015). Investigating graduate level research and statistics courses in schools of education. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 10, 93-110. Retrieved from http://ijds.org/Volume10/IJDSv10p093-110Leech0658.pdf 

Levine, A. (2007). Educating researchers. Washington, DC: The Education Schools Project. 

Mathison, S. (2008). What is the difference between evaluation and research—and why do we care. Fundamental Issues in Evaluation, 183-196. 

McAdaragh, M. O., & LaVelle, J. M., & Zhang, L. (2020). Evaluation and supporting inquiry  

courses in MSW programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 30(7), 750-759.  

doi:10.1177/1049731520921243 

McEwan, H., & Slaughter, H. (2004). A brief history of the college of education’s doctoral  

degrees. Educational Perspectives, 2(37), 3-9. Retrieved from  

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ877606.pdf 

National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). The Classification of Instructional Programs [Data set]. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/default.aspx?y=56.  

Page, R. N. (2001). Reshaping graduate preparation in educational research methods: One school’s experience. Educational Researcher, 30(5), 19-25. 

Patton, M.Q. (2014). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. 

Paul, C. A. (n.d.). Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Social Welfare History  

Project. Retrieved from  

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-educ 

ation-act-of-1965/ 

Seidling, M. B. (2015). Evaluator certification and credentialing revisited: A survey of American Evaluation Association members in the United States. In J. W. Altschuld & M. Engle (Eds.), Accreditation, certification, and credentialing: Relevant concerns for U.S. evaluators. New Directions for Evaluation,145, 87–102 

Skolits, G. J., Morrow, J. A., & Burr, E. M. (2009). Reconceptualizing evaluator roles. American Journal of Evaluation, 30(3), 275-295. 

Standerfer, L. (2006). Before NCLB: The history of ESEA. Principal Leadership, 6(8), 26-27. 

Trevisan, M. S. (2004). Practical training in evaluation: A review of the literature. American Journal of Evaluation, 25(2), 255-272. 

Warner, L. H. (2020). Developing interpersonal skills of evaluators: A service-learning approach. American Journal of Evaluation, 41(3), 432-451. 

 

Filed Under: Evaluation Methodology Blog, News

Make Your Feedback to Teachers Matter: Leadership Content Knowledge is Key

December 12, 2023 by jhall152

By Dr. Mary Lynne Derrington & Dr. Alyson Lavigne 

Please Note: This is Part 1 of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for the next posts that will focus on Leadership Content Knowledge (LCK) and teacher feedback in the areas of STEM, Literacy, and Early Childhood Education.

The most important job of a school leader is to focus on the central purpose of schools—teaching and learning. Feedback to teachers on how to improve instructional practice is a critical element in promoting school success.

On average, principals spend 9 hours a week observing, providing feedback, and discussing instruction with teachers. Including documentation, this equates to nearly six 40-hour work-weeks and as much as 25% of a principal’s time.

Besides the time principals spend in these tasks, they are costly. It costs $700 million a year to observe all 3.1 million K-12 public school teachers just twice a year. All these efforts are based on the belief that, when school leaders observe teachers, they provide teachers with meaningful feedback — and that feedback, in turn, improves teaching and learning.

So, how does a school leader ensure that their feedback impacts practice? Feedback only matters when it can be acted upon, so what makes feedback actionable? We can all agree that for feedback to be actionable it must be timely, concrete, and clear. But it must also relate to the task at hand—teaching subject matter content.

When researchers ask teachers about the feedback they receive from school leaders, half of teachers reported that the feedback received from principals is not useful. Teachers say that they rarely receive feedback about their teaching content. Yet we know that pedagogical content knowledge is important for effective teaching and for student learning.

If you want to make your feedback to teachers matter, emphasize a teacher’s curriculum subject matter content as a part of your feedback. This requires differentiation for each teacher by subject matter and context of the classroom. Differentiation personalizes the feedback and emphasizes that the subject, content, and context of the classroom matters.

How can school leaders meet this lofty goal and possess expertise in every content area? First, a strong background in effective teaching practices is an important start. Second, leaders need a deep content knowledge of the subject and how it is learned (by students), and how it is taught, sometimes referred to as post-holing.

Principals can gain content expertise in many ways. For example:

  • Work with a content PLC team
  • Learn the standards for the subject
  • Review discipline-specific best practice research
  • Attend a subject-specific conference

Post-holing provides a great opportunity to align with other activities that might be occurring in the school, and demonstrates that you care about the subject matter and the teacher by providing deeper differentiated feedback. Challenge yourself to tackle one subject matter each year.

This blog entry is part of a four-part series on actionable feedback. Stay tuned for our next three posts that will focus on Leadership Content Knowledge (LCK) on concrete ways to provide feedback to teachers in the areas of STEM, Literacy, and Early Childhood Education.

If you want to dig into this content (pun intended!) a bit more, check out our book, Actionable Feedback to PK-12 Teachers. And for other suggestions on differentiated feedback, see Chapter 3 by Ellie Drago-Severson and Jessica Bloom-DeStefano.

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Martinez Coaching Ugandan Olympian in 2024 Paris Games

November 10, 2023 by jhall152

Kathleen Noble, a 2020 Olympic singles rower from Uganda, is being coached by Dr. James Martinez, an assistant professor in the Department of Educational Leadership & Policy Studies (ELPS). Dr. Martinez, himself a 5-time U.S. National and Olympic team member between 1993-1998, began working with Mrs. Noble this past July after she moved to Knoxville with her husband, Nico.

“Kathleen is an exceptionally competitive athlete, and an even better person,” says Dr. Martinez. A 28-year-old graduate of Princeton University, Mrs. Noble was an internationally competitive youth swimmer, having competed at the 2012 Short-Course World Championships in Istanbul. Holder of many Ugandan national records in freestyle and butterfly events, she started rowing as a walk–on athlete in her sophomore year of college and ultimately competed at the 2019 Under-23 World Rowing Championships.

Competing for Uganda in the 2020 Olympics (held in 2021 due to COVID), Mrs. Noble is the first rower ever to compete for her country. “Kathleen is a world-class athlete in every sense of the word,” says Martinez. “Her passion to understand every aspect of the sport, from racing, to nutrition, to training, to rigging the boat is inspiring.” Dr. Martinez and Mrs. Noble recently returned from the African Olympic Qualification Regatta in Tunisia, where she placed fourth among fifteen woman single scullers, qualifying her for the Paris games.

Dr. Martinez balances his UTK research (focused on school administrator self-efficacy), teaching and service demands and family responsibilities while supervising Mrs. Noble’s preparation for the Olympics. “Days are pretty full,” he says, “but no more so than when I was a schoolteacher and in training myself while raising our young children back in the day.”

Dr. Martinez credits his wife, Elizabeth, who earned her Master’s degree from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville’s School of Landscape Architecture, for her incredible support.. “She’s the glue that holds it all together,” he says.

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Introducing UTK ERO: Your Bridge to Education Excellence

October 24, 2023 by jhall152

By Karina Beltran

The Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Department (ELPS) within the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (CEHHS) is proud to announce the launch of the Education Research & Opportunity Center (UTK ERO). UTK ERO represents the merger of The Center for Education Leadership, The Postsecondary Education Research Center, and the College Access and Persistence Services Outreach Center. UTK ERO builds on the long tradition of excellence established by these prior CEHSS efforts with a renewed passion and enhanced capacity for producing high-quality research, delivering high-impact outreach, and improving policy and practice in education. 

The mission of UTK ERO is to produce high-quality research, conduct high-impact outreach, and promote effective policies and practices that increase educational success and opportunity. 

High Quality Research  

Our research spans the entire education spectrum, from early childhood to adult education, addressing critical issues in education policy and practice. At UTK ERO, we hold our research to the highest standards, making sure it is: 

  1. Relevant: We understand the importance of timely, pertinent research. Our work focuses on critical educational issues, and we strive to deliver research that matters when it’s needed most.
  2. Rigorous: Trust is paramount. All our research undergoes a rigorous internal and external review process to ensure methodological soundness, responsible data management, and freedom from errors or biases.
  3. Actionable: We bridge the gap between academic concepts and real-world impact by providing concrete action steps for policymakers, school leaders, and educators.
  4. Accessible: We believe in making knowledge accessible to all. Our research findings are disseminated through a variety of channels, including social media, website blog posts, podcasts, and practitioner-oriented venues. We present results in graphical, text, audio, and video formats.

High Impact Outreach  

As a land-grant university, the University of Tennessee takes pride in enhancing economic, social, and professional opportunities for all Tennesseans. UTK ERO manages five U.S. Department of Education TRiO outreach and student services programs, all designed to increase college access and success for first-generation, low-income students in East Tennessee and surrounding rural areas.  

Our outreach programs are guided by these core values: 

  1. Service: Our main priority and passion are to increase access to and success within postsecondary education for students from disadvantaged and historically underrepresented groups. Every student, every opportunity.
  2. Stewardship: We are committed to managing public resources and funds with the utmost responsibility, transparency, and fiscal integrity. We aim to create a safe, positive, and fair environment for our employees and the students we serve.
  3. Community: Our connection with the communities we serve is central to our success. We value engagement with and support of these communities, maintaining regular and effective contact with our project partners to provide comprehensive, community-specific support for students and communities.

Stay Connected 

For more information, please visit the UTK ERO website at ero.utk.edu. There you can follow UTK ERO on social media, receive news and updates related to our research and outreach, and follow our blog!  

Website: ero.utk.edu 

Social Media Platforms 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/utk_ero/ 

Meta: https://www.facebook.com/people/The-Education-Research-Opportunity-Center/100090028087658/ 

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/education-research-and-opportunity-center/about/ 

X: https://twitter.com/utk_ero  

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White Recognized for Early Career Contributions by University Council for Educational Administrators

October 18, 2023 by jhall152

Courtesy of the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (October 17, 2023)

Rachel White is passionate about issues of power, voice, and inclusion in education policy making and  implementation. Her research focuses on whose voices are heard in policy spaces, and how decisions made by political and educational leaders at the school, district, and state level impact both teachers’ and students’ educational experiences.

Photo portrait of Rachel White. She has fair skin and shoulder-length blond hair. She is wearing a light blue shirt and is posed in front of a dark background.

Rachel S. White

Now, White has received a prestigious accolade in her young career, the Jack A. Culbterson Award from the University Council for Education Administration (UCEA). Named for the organization’s long-serving director, the Culbertson Award is presented yearly to an outstanding junior educational leadership professor to recognize their significant contributions to the field of educational leadership. Eligible nominees must be professors with 6 years or fewer, serving in a UCEA affiliated university.

“It’s a great honor to be selected as a recipient of the Jack A. Culbertson Award,” said White. “I’m grateful for the incredible mentors and colleagues across the nation who contributed to my nomination. It’s truly a privilege to be in this position where I’m empowered to be curious, push boundaries, listen to the voices of kids and educators, and build on my experience as a former school board member and high school cross country and track & field coach to attempt to build a body of work that can positively impact K-12 public school systems, leaders, educators, kids—and, ultimately, our democracy.”

White is an assistant professor in the department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies (ELPS) in the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences (CEHHS). She joined CEHHS in 2022.

Nominees for the Culbertson Award are selected from their outstanding contributions to innovation, originality, potential impact, and more in their early body of academic work. In fact, White has been published in numerous journals, including Educational Administration Quarterly, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Leadership & Policy in Schools, Journal of School Leadership, Teachers College Record, and Kappan.

While White has appeared in several academic publications, she also contributes to a number of well-received stories in general media as well, including Education Week, The Conversation and Ed Surge. She also takes strides to make her research findings accessible to broader audiences using easy-to-easy-to-understand infographics.

Recently, she was named to a United States Department of Education Advisory Committee to provide advice and recommendations concerning the educational needs in the Appalachian region and how those needs can be most effectively addressed. Her committee will submit a report in six months to U.S. Secretary of Education, Dr. Miguel Cardona.

“It’s not lost on me that there has never been a day where I have woken up and was not excited to do this work,” said White. “This award pushes me to not let up and only fuels my passion to engage in rigorous, robust, and—most importantly—policy- and practice-relevant scholarship and outreach. As I reflect on prior award winners and the ways they have transformed the field of educational leadership, I’m humbled to be a part of that community.”

Through its eight departments and 12 centers, the UT Knoxville College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences enhances the quality of life for all through research, outreach, and practice. Find out more at cehhs.utk.edu

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